核情報

米印原子力協力問題

• 南アジアの核　米印原子力協定は火に油 (pdf)　朝日新聞３月５日付け「オピニオン」
  英文　POINT OF VIEW/ Zia Mian, M.V. Ramana, Frank von Hippel: Feeding potential for South Asia's nuclear fire 03/29/2007
• 米印原子力協力　長崎新聞（2007年6月19日）
• 米インド平和原子力協力法 「南アジア核軍拡に拍車」　パキスタンのミヤーン博士指摘　長崎新聞（３月７日）
• 発信箱：故長崎市長の懸念＝大島秀利　毎日新聞大阪版　6月16日土曜日　記事切り抜き (pdf)
• ジヤー・ミヤーン氏に聞く　日本は、核拡散のリスクを高める米印原子力協力合意に賛成するのですか (pdf)　岩波「世界」2007.6
• 犬塚議員質問　 (外交防衛委員会６月１４日)
• 共同通信記事 2007/06/05(日・英文)
  「国際底流」
  

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  米印協力、日本に警戒論　ＮＰＴ「骨抜き」を懸念　

  　米国が核拡散防止条約（ＮＰＴ）未加盟のインドに行う予定の原子力協力をめぐり、日本の財界や政府系研究機関から「日本が目指す『究極的な核廃絶』への努力を台無しにする」との警戒論が台頭し始めた。米国との二国間協定締結へ向けた協議を進めるインドが、核実験や核燃料再処理の「権利保持」にこだわり、強硬姿勢に転じていることが背景にある。

  　「『バスに乗り遅れては困る』というムードがある。しかし日本が原則を踏み外せば、核廃絶を訴えてきた立場がなくなる。財界も手放しで（原子力協力が）実現できるとは思っていない」

  　三菱マテリアル社長や日本経団連の資源・エネルギー対策委員長を歴任した秋元勇巳（あきもと・ゆうみ）氏。インドの民生施設を国際原子力機関（ＩＡＥＡ）の査察下に置く意義を評価しながらも、核保有国が核軍縮努力を強化しなければ、ＮＰＴが骨抜きになると警鐘を鳴らす。

  　十六歳の時に広島県・江田島で原爆の閃光（せんこう）を目撃した秋元氏は、ブッシュ政権は核軍縮に不熱心だと非難。米印協力で米国の「二重基準」が顕著になる恐れがあるとし、全核保有国の民生施設へのＩＡＥＡ査察を新たに義務付けることで、ＮＰＴ空洞化に歯止めをかけるべきだと力説する。

  　外務省所管の財団法人、日本国際問題研究所の小山謹二（こやま・きんじ）客員研究員は、同協力により、ＮＰＴ下で核保有が認められた五大国以外に、なし崩し的に「第二の核保有国」として認知されることの悪影響を強調する。

  　小山氏はＮＰＴ上の義務を履行しないままに「平和利用の権利」だけが担保されれば、「何らかの方法で核を持てばインドと同等の特別待遇を受ける可能性があることを暗示することになる」と指摘する。

  　さらに「日本が核軍縮努力を無にしてまで原子力協力を支持するのは反対」とし、インドによる／（１）／包括的核実験禁止条約（ＣＴＢＴ）批准／（２）／核弾頭の解体または米国との二国間管理への移管―を同協力実施の条件にすべきだと主張した。

  　日本政府高官によると、安倍晋三首相は昨年末、インドのシン首相に「前向きに（対応を）検討したい」と述べ、将来の容認姿勢を示唆した。

  　しかしインドと米国との交渉が行き詰まる中、「日本政府は（容認の）トーンを落とした」（小山氏）。佐賀県や長崎市など一部地方議会では、政府に慎重対応を求める意見書も可決された。

  　原水爆禁止日本国民会議と原子力資料情報室は先月「日本がインドとの協力を行う場合はどんな条件が必要か」との質問書を政府に提出。だが、政府は「二国間協定の内容などを見極めたい」と回答していない。（共同＝太田昌克）

  Japan-India-Nuclear (News Focus)
  

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  FOCUS: Wariness rising in Japan over India-U.S. nuclear cooperation

  By Masakatsu Ota

  TOKYO, June 5 Kyodo - Japanese scholars and business leaders are worried about a U.S. plan to extend nuclear cooperation to India, saying the deal would spoil Japan's effort to seek a world free from atomic and hydrogen bombs.

  Such voices come from among those at the Japan Institute of International Affairs, affiliated with the Foreign Ministry, as well as in Japan's financial and business world.

  The concern in Japan comes as India is shifting to a hard-line stance in trying to maintain the right to conduct nuclear weapons testing and reprocessing nuclear fuel in negotiations with the United States on a bilateral civil nuclear agreement.

  Yumi Akimoto, who has held posts including president of Mitsubishi Materials Corp. and chairman of the committee on natural resources and energy at the Japan Business Federation, acknowledged the existence of ''don't miss the bus'' sentiment but said Japan would lose its position of making appeals for the elimination of nuclear weapons if it steps out of what he termed its ''principle.''

  He also said the country's business world does not think India and the United States will smoothly realize nuclear cooperation.

  However, he warned that the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty will have the teeth taken out of it unless nuclear powers boost their efforts to attain nuclear disarmament. He said he views as significant India's civil nuclear facilities being put under inspection of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

  Under the 2005 U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, Washington agreed to press ahead with nuclear cooperation with New Delhi even though India remains a nonsignatory to the NPT.

  The U.S. switched from its policy of not providing India with technological cooperation on nuclear power in civil nuclear facilities and offering relevant material.

  The two countries also reached accord on placing 14 of 22 nuclear reactors under IAEA inspection. However, they kept fast-breeder reactors that can produce weapons-grade plutonium out of the IAEA's examinations.

  Akimoto, who at aged 16 was in Etajima, Hiroshima Prefecture, and saw the nuclear flash from the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima by the United States in 1945 in World War II, criticized the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush for being indifferent to nuclear disarmament.

  He said efforts must be made to prevent the NPT from losing its status as a viable entity by making it obligatory for nuclear powers to open their civil nuclear facilities for IAEA inspection because the U.S. ''double standard'' may become conspicuous as a result of India-U.S. nuclear cooperation.

  Kinji Koyama, an adjunct research fellow of JIIA, said an adverse effect may be generated by the India-U.S. accord in that nations other than the five major countries recognized as nuclear powers by the NPT might be gradually recognized as ''second-class nuclear powers.''

  He said that if the right to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes is recognized as security for countries without obligating them to carry out their duty under the NPT, such a development would suggest the possibility for them to get the same special treatment as India if they somehow become able to possess nuclear weapons.

  Koyama said he is opposed to Japan supporting the U.S.-India nuclear cooperation at the expense of ruining its serious efforts to seek nuclear disarmament.

  He said five things should be set as conditions for implementing the U.S.-India cooperation, including India's ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and the demolition of its nuclear warheads or its consent to transfer them for control by the two countries.

  In a meeting with Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh late last year, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe indicated Japan's acceptance of the U.S.-India cooperation in the future by telling his Indian counterpart that he would study the matter ''with a forward-looking posture,'' according to a senior Japanese government official.

  However, Koyama said the Japanese government has toned down its posture of acceptance in the face of the deadlock in the negotiations between Washington and New Delhi.

  Some local assemblies, including Saga Prefecture and Nagasaki City, have passed written opinions calling on the government to be prudent regarding the U.S.-India nuclear cooperation.

  The Japan Congress Against A- and H-bombs and the Citizen's Nuclear Information Center have asked the government what kinds of conditions are necessary if Japan should cooperate with India.

  They have not received any clear-cut response but the government said, ''We would like to weigh the substance of the (U.S.-India) bilateral agreement.''

  ==Kyodo

• 米印核協力　日本の「容認」許されぬ　中国新聞
• 誤ったシグナル送るな　沖縄タイムズ
• 米印核協力／「二重基準」の説明が要る　神戸新聞
• 存在感増すインド　政経両輪で関係強化を　朝日新聞